Nuburyo buhagaritse bwo gutwara abantu, lift ntizishobora gutandukana mubuzima bwa buri munsi. Muri icyo gihe, lift nazo ni icyiciro cyingenzi cyamasoko ya leta, kandi hafi buri munsi haba hari imishinga irenga icumi yo gupiganira amasoko. Uburyo bwo kugura inzitizi zirashobora kubika umwanya nimbaraga, agaciro kumafaranga, no kwirinda amakimbirane. Ni ikibazo buri muguzi n'ikigo bakeneye gusuzuma. Mubyukuri, kugirango wuzuze ibisabwa haruguru, ugomba gusa kwitondera utuntu duto duto mugihe cyamasoko. Muri iki kibazo, tuzamenyekanisha amakuru icumi dukurikije inzira yo gutanga amasoko.
1. Kugena ubwoko bwa lift
Mu ntangiriro yigihe cyo gutegura inyubako, intego yinyubako igomba gusobanurwa, kubera ko ubwoko bwa lift zikoreshwa namahoteri, inyubako z ibiro, ibitaro, amazu cyangwa inganda n’inganda n’ubucukuzi akenshi usanga bitandukanye cyane, kandi bimaze kugenwa, Biragoye cyane guhindura. Nyuma yo gukoresha inyubako imaze kugenwa, isesengura ry’abagenzi rikorwa hakurikijwe ibintu nk'ahantu hubatswe, hasi (uburebure), urujya n'uruza rw'abantu binjira n'abasohoka, hamwe n'aho inyubako iherereyemo, kugira ngo hamenyekane umuvuduko wa lift (umuvuduko muto ugomba kuba wujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa kugira ngo umanure umuriro) hamwe n'ubushobozi bwo gutwara (Umuzigo iyo imashini ya moteri ikurura imashini, icyumba kinini cya mashini, icyumba cya mashini, icyumba cya mashini, icyumba cya mashini, icyumba cya mashini, icyumba cya mashini, icyumba cya mashini, icyumba cya mashini, icyumba cya mashini, icyumba cya mashini, icyumba cya mashini, icyumba cya mashini, icyumba cy’imashini gisabwa ubwoko bwimashini ikurura (gakondo ya turbine vortex na syncronisation nshya ihoraho).
2.Guteganya gutangira kugura nyuma yo kwemezwa
Igihe cyamasoko kirasabwa gutangira kugura nyuma yo gutegura ibyemezo. Nyuma yo kumenya ubwoko, umuvuduko, ubushobozi bwo gutwara, umubare wa lift, umubare wihagarara, uburebure bwa stroke, nibindi, urashobora guha ishami rishinzwe ibishushanyo mbonera gushushanya igishushanyo mbonera. Kubikorwa bya lift bizamura ibikorwa (cyane cyane shaft ya lift), ishami rishinzwe ibishushanyo ni umwuga. Uruganda rukora inzitizi rutanga ubwoko bumwe bwibishushanyo mbonera byubwubatsi, kandi bigashushanya ibishushanyo mbonera byubwubatsi byubatswe hamwe nuburyo butandukanye bwo kubaka ingazi zubaka nkubakishijwe amatafari, imiterere ya beto, imiterere-yubakishijwe amatafari cyangwa ibyuma-amagufwa. Ingano ifatwa nkibintu byinshi kandi irashobora guhuza ibikenerwa nababikora muri rusange. Nyamara, ibisabwa byubunini bwikigereranyo, icyumba cyimashini nicyobo cyabakora lift zitandukanye biracyatandukanye. Niba uwabikoze yiyemeje hakiri kare, igishushanyo ukurikije ibishushanyo mbonera byatoranijwe birashobora kugabanya imyanda yumwanya ukoreshwa kandi bikagabanya ibibazo byubwubatsi mugihe kizaza. Niba umuhanda munini ari munini, agace kaba impfabusa; niba inzira yo kuzamura ari nto, abayikora bamwe ntibashobora kuyihaza na gato, birakenewe kongera ibiciro byumusaruro ukurikije umusaruro udasanzwe.
3. Guhitamo gushyira mu gaciro kubakora nibirango
Inganda zikora na marike mubirango umunani byingenzi kwisi nabyo bifite amanota, hariho legiyoni ya mbere na legiyoni ya kabiri. Hariho kandi amasosiyete menshi yo kuzamura mu gihugu. Lifte nayo ni igiceri. Isoko ryibice byurwego rumwe birashobora gutoranywa ukurikije ingengo yimari yabo hamwe nu mushinga uhagaze. Irashobora kandi gutoranywa ahantu hanini, hanyuma amaherezo ikagena urwego rushingiye kurwego rwo gutandukana. Hariho n'abacuruzi n'abakozi muri lift. Bazagira ibiciro biri hejuru, ariko barashobora gushora imari. Mubisanzwe hitamo uwabikoze, bityo ireme ryizewe, serivise irashobora kubona umuzi, ariko amasezerano yo kwishyura arasabwa cyane. Inganda zikora ni ugusaba kwishyurwa mbere, kwishyura byuzuye cyangwa ubwishyu bwibanze mbere yo koherezwa. Uruganda ruzamura rugomba kuba rufite uruhushya rukenewe rwubucuruzi, uruhushya rwo gukora inzovu, hamwe ninyandiko zishyigikira nkimpamyabumenyi y’inganda zikora ibyangombwa n’icyemezo cyo kwemeza umutekano.
4. Imigaragarire iroroshye kwimura
Kwishyiriraho ibice byo kuzamura ibice bifitanye isano rya bugufi nubushakashatsi rusange bwubaka (ubwubatsi nubwubatsi), ishami ririnda umuriro, hamwe n’amashanyarazi adakomeye. Imigaragarire hagati yabyo igomba gusobanurwa neza, kandi kubaka bigomba gutangwa.
5. Kubera gukenera guhitamo imikorere ya lift
Buri ruganda rwa lift rufite imbonerahamwe yimikorere ya lift, kandi abakozi bashinzwe gutanga amasoko bakeneye kumva imikorere yayo. Ibikorwa bimwe ni itegeko kandi ntibishobora gutabwa. Imikorere imwe nimwe irakenewe kuri lift, kandi nta guhitamo. Ibintu bimwe bifasha, ntibisabwa, urashobora guhitamo. Hitamo ibiranga ukurikije aho umushinga uhagaze. Imikorere myinshi, igiciro kiri hejuru, ariko ntabwo byanze bikunze bifatika. By'umwihariko, imikorere ya lift itagira inzitizi, imishinga yo guturamo, nta gisabwa giteganijwe mu kwemererwa kurangiza, imyitozo isanzwe ntabwo igomba gutekerezwa, kuri lift ya kaburimbo, ibisobanuro byashizweho bifite ibyangombwa bisabwa. Kubikorwa byubwubatsi rusange, hagomba gutekerezwa ibiranga kugerwaho. Gutondekanya buto ya lift, kugirango harebwe ibyoroshye, ubwiza, ariko nanone usuzume ibyiyumvo byabashinwa nabanyamahanga kumibare imwe, 13,14 nibindi hamwe ninyuguti aho. Mugihe cyo gupiganira isoko, uruganda rukora lift rusabwa gusubiramo amahitamo atandukanye yo kwifashisha muguhitamo ubwoko.
6. Sobanura neza amakimbirane yo kwirinda ibiciro
Igiciro cyose cyumushinga wa lift kigomba kuba gikubiyemo ibiciro byibikoresho byose, ibiciro byubwikorezi, amahoro (murwego), amafaranga yubwishingizi, amafaranga yo kwishyiriraho, amafaranga yo gutangiza ibicuruzwa n’abakora ibyo nyir'ubwite yiyemeje mbere yo kugurisha, garanti nyuma yo kugurisha n’ibindi biciro bifitanye isano, ariko hano bigomba gusobanurwa, mu ruganda Iyo ishami ry’ubwubatsi ritanga ibiciro byuzuye kandi byemewe na nyirubwite, amafaranga yo kwishyiriraho ibiciro agomba kwishyurwa, amafaranga yo kugenzura, n'amafaranga yo kugenzura buri mwaka ya lift. Ibiciro byavuzwe haruguru, ibisabwa nibisabwa bigomba gushyirwa mubikorwa mumasezerano ashoboka, kandi gukuraho inshingano zimpande zombi muburyo bwanditse nuburyo bwiza bwo kwirinda amakimbirane. Mugihe cyo gupiganira amasoko, abakora lift basabwa kwerekana igiciro cyo kwambara ibice nibiciro byo kubungabunga. Igiciro cyiri shami kirimo ikiguzi cyibikorwa bizaza, kandi isosiyete yumutungo irahangayitse cyane.
7. Muri rusange igihe cyo gutanga igihe
Nyirubwite arashobora gusaba uruganda rukora lift kugirango rugaragaze itariki yo kugemura kugirango ibikorwa byubwubatsi bigerweho. Noneho igihe cyo gutanga ibicuruzwa muri rusange bifata amezi 2 nigice kugeza kumezi 4, kandi ibikoresho rusange byo kuzamura inyubako rusange bishyirwa mubyubaka. Nibyiza gusenya umunara wo hanze. Niba igeze mbere yibi, byanze bikunze bizatera ibibazo byo kubika no kubika, hanyuma nyuma yibyo, hazabaho ibiciro byo guterura no gutunganya ibiciro. Mubisanzwe, uruganda rwa lift ruzagira igihe cyububiko bwubusa mugihe runaka. Niba itatanzwe muri iki gihe, uruganda ruzishyura amafaranga runaka.
8. Shyira lift mu miyoboro itatu minini
Hejuru nziza, tugomba kugenzura ibintu bitatu byingenzi bikurikira (nanone byitwa ibyiciro bitatu).
Mbere ya byose, ubuziranenge bwibikoresho bya lift, bisaba abakora lift kugirango bemeze ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa byabo; kubera ko inzitizi ari ibikoresho byihariye, ubwiza bwibikorwa byinganda zifite ibyemezo byumusaruro mubusanzwe ntabwo bifite ibibazo bikomeye, ariko kuramba no gutuza bizatandukana rwose.
Iya kabiri ni ukwitondera urwego rwo kwishyiriraho no gutangiza. Ubwiza bwo kwishyiriraho ni ngombwa cyane. Itsinda ryo kwishyiriraho buri ruganda ruzamura ahanini ubufatanye bwabo cyangwa igihe kirekire. Hariho no gusuzuma. Ubusanzwe komisiyo ikorwa nuruganda rukora lift.
Icya gatatu, nyuma yo kugurisha, nyuma yo kugurisha, hari itsinda ryabakozi babigize umwuga babishinzwe. Uruganda rwa lift ruzasinyana amasezerano yo kubungabunga isosiyete yumutungo, yemeza ko imirimo y’uruganda ruzamura. Gucunga neza kandi mugihe gikwiye no gucunga neza ubwiza bwa lift. Kubera iyo mpamvu, guhera mu ntangiriro ya za 90, igihugu cyasohoye inyandiko y’umutuku itangwa na Minisiteri y’ubwubatsi, isobanura neza ko ibicuruzwa bya lift bizakorwa na serivisi y’uruganda “rimwe rukumbi”, ni ukuvuga ko uruganda rukora inzitizi rwemeza, rushyiraho, rushyira ahagaragara, kandi rukomeza ibikoresho bya lift byakozwe na lift. Ushinzwe.
9. Kwemera kuzamura inzitizi ntabwo byoroshye
Lifator ni ibikoresho byihariye, kandi Ikigo cya Leta gishinzwe kugenzura tekinike gifite uburyo bwo kubyemera, ariko mubisanzwe bashinzwe umutekano, kandi nabo bashishikajwe nubugenzuzi. Kubwibyo, nyirubwite hamwe nubugenzuzi bagomba gukora byimazeyo kwakira gupakurura, kugenzura inzira, kwemerwa guhishwe, kwemerwa gukora nibindi. Igomba kugenzurwa no kwemerwa hakurikijwe ibipimo byemerwa na lift hamwe nimirimo yagenwe mumasezerano, hamwe no kwemerera lift imwe kuri lift imwe.
10.Umuntu udasanzwe agenzura umutekano wa lift
Kwishyiriraho no gutangiza ibikorwa bya lift birarangiye, kwemerwa imbere birarangiye, nibisabwa kugirango byuzuzwe. Nk’uko amabwiriza abiteganya, lift ntiyemerewe gukoreshwa hatabanje kwemerwa n’ibiro bishinzwe ubugenzuzi bwa tekiniki, ariko ubusanzwe lift yo hanze yarashenywe muri iki gihe, kandi n’indi mirimo y’ishami rusange ryapakiye ntiruzura, kandi hakenewe na lift yo mu nzu. Igice cya lift na rwiyemezamirimo rusange basinyana amasezerano, ishami rya lift ritegura umuntu wihariye kugirango akingure lift, kandi ishami rusange ryapakira rikoresha lift ikurikije ibisabwa nigice cya lift kandi ikishyura amafaranga. Umushinga umaze kurangira, kora igenzura ryuzuye kandi ubungabunge. Nyuma yo kurangiza umushinga, isosiyete ikora lift igashyikirizwa ishami rishinzwe kubungabunga, naho paki rusange igashyikirizwa isosiyete yumutungo kugirango icunge.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-07-2022